The role of psychosocial risks in burnout, psychosomatic disorders, and job satisfaction: lineal models vs a QCA approach in non-university teachers.

This study aims to assess the effect of psychosocial risks and resources on burnout, psychosomatic disorders, and job satisfaction using Hierarchical Regression Modelling (HRM) and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). METHOD: The sample consisted of 9020 non-university public education teachers (Mage = 45.33 years, SD = 9.15; 72.5% women). RESULTS: Demands variables (Workload, Emotional labour, Imbalance, and Interpersonal conflict) were better predictors than resources variables (Job autonomy, Social support, and Resources at work). Resources also significantly improved the model's predictive capacity, except in the case of Indolence. In the QCA results, none of the conditions seems to be necessary. Regarding sufficiency, the combination of the different conditions explains between 44-49% of high levels of Burnout and between 40-47% of low levels of Burnout; between 44-47% of high levels of Psychosomatic disorders and 40-47% of low levels of Psychosomatic disorders; 49% of high Job satisfaction levels and 45-56% of low Job satisfaction levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that QCA models have better explanatory capacity than HRM. Some variables were not significant in HRM, but they were present in combination with other QCA model variables. The findings contribute to understanding how psychosocial risks affect workers' health and job satisfaction.

La estructura factorial de la Escala hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad crónica / Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in adolescent patients with chronic disease

Introducción. La Escala hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) es un instrumento de pesquisa, utilizado para evaluar sintomatología emocional en diferentes poblacionesy patologías médicas. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial de la HADS en adolescentes con enfermedad crónica y las diferencias en función de la patología médica. Método. La HADS fue administrada a una muestra de 302 adolescentes con enfermedad crónica. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios con una submuestra de 100 adolescentes y análisis factoriales confirmatorios con el resto de los participantes (202) para analizar la validez y fiabilidad de la HADS (14 ítems); además se calculó el análisis de la varianza de un factor para analizar las diferencias entre patologías. Resultados. Pacientes de 12 a 16 años de edad, con una distribución similar por género; el 43 % padecía enfermedades respiratorias, y el 47 %, endocrinológicas. La estructura original de dos factores (ansiedad y depresión) fue la que mostró buenos índices de ajuste e incorporó un factor de 2° orden (malestar emocional). Tres de los ítems originales de la escala fueron eliminados; se obtuvo, finalmente, una nueva versión de 11 ítems. Esta mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y se observaron diferencias entre pacientes con diabetes mellitus 1 y con patología respiratoria, pero no en talla baja, en el factor de depresión. Conclusiones. Esta escala presenta una adecuada fiabilidad y validez en pacientes con enfermedad crónica pediátrica y resulta útil para la detección temprana de clínica ansioso-depresiva en el ámbito sanitario.

Introduction. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a screening instrument that assesses emotional symptoms in different populations and medical conditions.This study analyzes the psychometric properties and factor structure of the HADS in adolescents with chronic disease and the differences based on their medical condition. Method. The HADS was administered to a sample of 302 adolescents with chronic disease. Exploratory factor analyses were done in a sub-sample of 100 adolescents, while confirmatory factor analyses were performed in the rest of participants (202) to examine the validity and reliability of the HADS (14 items); an analysis of variance for a single factor was also done to study differences among diseases.Results. Patients were aged 12-16 years, with a similar sex ratio; 43 % had respiratory diseases and 47 %, endocrine disorders. The original two-factor structure (anxiety and depression) showed adequate fit indices and incorporated a second-order factor (emotional distress). Three of the original items were removed, thus obtaining a new 11-item version. This showed adequate psychometric properties, and differences were observed between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and those with respiratory disease, but not in terms of short stature, in the depression factor.Conclusions. The HADS displays an adequate reliability and validity in pediatric patients with chronic disease and is useful for the early detection of anxiety and depression in the health care setting

Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in adolescent patients with chronic disease. / La estructura factorial de la Escala hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad crónica.

INTRODUCTION: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a screening instrument that assesses emotional symptoms in different populations and medical conditions. This study analyzes the psychometric properties and factor structure of the HADS in adolescents with chronic disease and the differences based on their medical condition. METHOD: The HADS was administered to a sample of 302 adolescents with chronic disease. Exploratory factor analyses were done in a subsample of 100 adolescents, while confirmatory factor analyses were performed in the rest of participants (202) to examine the validity and reliability of the HADS (14 items); an analysis of variance for a single factor was also done to study differences among diseases. RESULTS: Patients were aged 12-16 years, with a similar sex ratio; 43 % had respiratory diseases and 47 %, endocrine disorders. The original two-factor structure (anxiety and depression) showed adequate fit indices and incorporated a second-order factor (emotional distress). Three of the original items were removed, thus obtaining a new 11-item version. This showed adequate psychometric properties, and differences were observed between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and those with respiratory disease, but not in terms of short stature, in the depression factor. CONCLUSIONS: The HADS displays an adequate reliability and validity in pediatric patients with chronic disease and is useful for the early detection of anxiety and depression in the health care setting.

Introducción. La Escala hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) es un instrumento de pesquisa, utilizado para evaluar sintomatología emocional en diferentes poblacionesy patologías médicas. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial de la HADS en adolescentes con enfermedad crónica y las diferencias en función de la patología médica. Método. LaHADSfue administrada a una muestra de 302 adolescentes con enfermedad crónica. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios con una submuestra de 100 adolescentes y análisis factoriales confirmatorios con el resto de los participantes (202) para analizar la validez y fiabilidad de la HADS (14 ítems); además se calculó el análisis de la varianza de un factor para analizar las diferencias entre patologías. Resultados. Pacientes de 12 a 16 años de edad, con una distribución similar por género; el 43 % padecía enfermedades respiratorias, y el 47 %, endocrinológicas. La estructura original de dos factores (ansiedad y depresión) fue la que mostró buenos índices de ajuste e incorporó un factor de 2° orden (malestar emocional). Tres de los ítems originales de la escala fueron eliminados; se obtuvo, finalmente, una nueva versión de 11 ítems. Esta mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y se observaron diferencias entre pacientes con diabetes mellitus 1 y con patología respiratoria, pero no en talla baja, en el factor de depresión. Conclusiones. Esta escala presenta una adecuada fiabilidad y validez en pacientes con enfermedad crónica pediátrica y resulta útil para la detección temprana de clínica ansioso-depresiva en el ámbito sanitario.

Cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria crónica (CRQ-SAS): análisis de las propiedades psicométricas / Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ-SAS): Analysis of psychometric properties

Introducción. El Cuestionario de Enfermedad Respiratoria Crónica Autoadminsitrado (CRQ-SAS) es un instrumento utilizado para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en diferentes idiomas y poblaciones adultas, aunque no en adolescentes. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS en una muestra de pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y las relaciona con la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Método. Para analizar propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, para estudiar la fiabilidad y validez de la escala. Para evaluar las relaciones con la clínica ansioso-depresiva, se realizaron correlaciones y regresiones lineales múltiples con la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Se calcularon diferencias de medias en función de variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. El CRQ-SAS fue administrado en 280 niños y adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica de edades comprendidas entre 9 y 18 años (Media= 12,02) con una distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. Se mantuvo la estructura original de cuatro factores, se eliminaron 3 ítems de la escala original, y se obtuvo una nueva versión de 17 ítems. Esta mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y de validez discriminante. La disnea y la función emocional fueron las dimensiones que mejor predijeron la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Por último, se obtuvieron baremos para la interpretación de las puntuaciones en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones. Este cuestionario, utilizado anteriormente en población adulta, puede ser un adecuado instrumento para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica.

Introduction. The Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Self-Administered Standardized (CRQ-SAS) format is used to assess health-related quality of life in different languages and adult populations, but it has not been validated in adolescents. This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the CRQ-SAS in a sample of adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease and correlates them to anxiety and depression. Method. In relation to the CRQ-SAS psychometric properties, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done to assess the instrument's reliability and validity. Correlations and multiple linear regressions with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were done to assess the relation with anxiety and depression. The mean difference was estimated based on sociodemographic outcome measures. Results. The CRQ-SAS was administered to 280 children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease aged 9-18 years (mean=12.02), with a similar male-female distribution. The original 4-factor structure was maintained; 3 items were removed from the original scale and a new 17-item version was obtained. This showed adequate psychometric properties and discriminant validity. The dyspnea and emotional functioning domains better predicted anxiety and depression. Lastly, scales were obtained for the interpretation of health-related quality of life scores. Conclusions. This questionnaire, which has been previously used in the adult population, may be an adequate instrument to assess health-related quality of life in adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease.

Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ-SAS): Analysis of psychometric properties. / Cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria crónica (CRQ-SAS): análisis de las propiedades psicométricas.

Introduction: The Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Self-Administered Standardized (CRQ-SAS) format is used to assess health-related quality of life in different languages and adult populations, but it has not been validated in adolescents. This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the CRQ-SAS in a sample of adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease and correlates them to anxiety and depression. Method: In relation to the CRQ-SAS psychometric properties, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done to assess the instrument's reliability and validity. Correlations and multiple linear regressions with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were done to assess the relation with anxiety and depression. The mean difference was estimated based on sociodemographic outcome measures. Results: The CRQ-SAS was administered to 280 children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease aged 9-18 years (mean=12.02), with a similar male-female distribution. The original 4-factor structure was maintained; 3 items were removed from the original scale and a new 17-item version was obtained. This showed adequate psychometric properties and discriminant validity. The dyspnea and emotional functioning domains better predicted anxiety and depression. Lastly, scales were obtained for the interpretation of health-related quality of life scores. Conclusions: This questionnaire, which has been previously used in the adult population, may be an adequate instrument to assess health-related quality of life in adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease.

Introducción. El Cuestionario de Enfermedad Respiratoria Crónica Autoadminsitrado (CRQ-SAS) es un instrumento utilizado para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en diferentes idiomas y poblaciones adultas, aunque no en adolescentes. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS en una muestra de pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y las relaciona con la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Método. Para analizar propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, para estudiar la fiabilidad y validez de la escala. Para evaluar las relaciones con la clínica ansioso-depresiva, se realizaron correlaciones y regresiones lineales múltiples con la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Se calcularon diferencias de medias en función de variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. El CRQ-SAS fue administrado en 280 niños y adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica de edades comprendidas entre 9 y 18 años (Media= 12,02) con una distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. Se mantuvo la estructura original de cuatro factores, se eliminaron 3 ítems de la escala original, y se obtuvo una nueva versión de 17 ítems. Esta mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y de validez discriminante. La disnea y la función emocional fueron las dimensiones que mejor predijeron la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Por último, se obtuvieron baremos para la interpretación de las puntuaciones en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones. Este cuestionario, utilizado anteriormente en población adulta, puede ser un adecuado instrumento para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica.

Sociodemographic variables, risk factors, and protective factors contributing to youth recidivism.

BACKGROUND: This study explores the predictive capabilities of sociodemographic characteristics and risk and protective factors for youth recidivism while comparing two analytical methodologies; logistic prediction models and qualitative comparative analysis models. METHODS: information from the judicial files of 389 young offenders (14-19.03 years) were gathered from the Juvenile Court and risk and protective factors were extracted from the administration of the Youth Level Service/Case Management Inventory. Recidivism data was also obtained for a follow-up period of two years for each young person. RESULTS: the results showed two different profiles of reoffenders. Most were young boys with high risk scores and low protective factors, but a minority were young foreign girls with crimes against persons and low protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: being able to detect the different variables that contribute to recidivism can help implement prevention programs tailored to the criminogenic needs of each specific profile.

Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de conciencia emocional en población infantil española / Psychometric properties of the emotional awareness questionnaire in a Spanish child population

La competencia emocional es la capacidad para percibir, expresar, comprender, regular y controlar nuestras emociones y las de los demás. La conciencia emocional es la competencia básica que permite el desarrollo del resto de competencias emocionales durante la infancia y la adolescencia. En este trabajo, se han estudiado las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Cuestionario de conciencia emocional, administrado a 1476 niños/as españoles (8-12 años). Se ha replicado la estructura original formada por seis factores. Se han estudiado la Habilidad de los ítems y del instrumento, la validez de constructo, de contenido y concurrente, los resultados han sido satisfactorios. Se han observado diferencias según sexo y edad. Los resultados apoyan el uso del autoinforme con fines clínicos y de investigación.

Emotional competence is the ability to perceive, express, understand, regulate, and control our emotions and those of others. Emotional awareness is the competence that allows the development of the emotional competencies during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this piece of work is study the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the emotional awareness Questionnaire, administered to 1476 Spanish children (8-12 years old). The original six-factor structure was replicated. An analysis was performed on the items, construct validity, content validity, and the concurrent validity, with the results being satisfactory. Significant differences were found for gender and age. The results support the use of a self-report questionnaire for clinical as well as research purposes.

[Spanish adaptation and factor structure of the Denison Organizational Culture Survey]. / Adaptación al castellano y estructura factorial del Denison Organizational Culture Survey.

This article presents a Spanish adaptation of the Denison Organizational Culture Survey, a questionnaire designed to evaluate organizational culture. This survey consists of 60 items, grouped in 12 subscales, which identify 4 cultural dimensions. These dimensions have been widely studied and their influence in organizational effectiveness has been accepted. This adaptation was applied to 488 participants, and analysed with confirmatory factor analysis. Results show adequate psychometric properties, so it can be concluded that the Spanish adaptation almost completely replicates the structure of the original version in English.

Adaptación al castellano y estructura factorial del Denison Organizational Culture Survey / Spanish adaptation and factor structure of the Denison Organizational Culture Survey

En este estudio se presenta la adaptación al castellano del Denison Organizational Culture Survey, una encuesta diseñada para la evaluación de la cultura organizativa. Está compuesta por 60 ítems agrupados en 12 subescalas que identifican a su vez 4 dimensiones culturales, de aceptada influencia en la efectividad organizacional. La muestra consta de 488 personas y se ha utilizado análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los resultados obtenidos señalan unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, por lo que cabe concluir que la adaptación española replica casi en su totalidad la estructura planteada en la versión original (AU)

This article presents a Spanish adaptation of the Denison Organizational Culture Survey, a questionnaire designed to evaluate organizational culture. This survey consists of 60 items, grouped in 12 subscales, which identify 4 cultural dimensions. These dimensions have been widely studied and their influence in organizational effectiveness has been accepted. This adaptation was applied to 488 participants, and analysed with confirmatory factor analysis. Results show adequate psychometric properties, so it can be concluded that the Spanish adaptation almost completely replicates the structure of the original version in English (AU)